It is considered archaeological heritage any manufacture discovered, or ruin of buildings of the past, that has lost its original function, but remains alive as a museum of itself. The restoration operations on archaeological findings are related to their particular nature and conditions, in which they have arrived to us. For this reason the operators may follow the restraining indications of conservative restoration, trying to freeze the situation in the state, making only those interventions that are strictly necessary for the conservation.
In particular archaeological outcrops, rests of ancient monuments not buried, have structural and superficial problems.

In the first case we try to preserve the static of manufacture, without altering the balance: it can be adopted traditional techniques, such as the use of metallic structures for passive protection or reinforcement ( chains, armed injections, bandages), the building of support masonry (buttresses, various stringer), the infiltration of compacting mortars to give strength to the internal parts characterized by loose and incoherent materials. It can also employ new technologies of intervention, such as reinforced fibber of composite material (carbon, glass, aramid), the use of modern design materials such as titanium or modern steels.
From the superficial point of view the wall hangings and everything else surviving remains is pre-consolidated by paper-tissue method and cleaned from incoherence material (dirt, dust) or with a certain coherence (black crusts, castings, concretions). The growing over plants and the patinas are treated and removed, the detached portions are re-adhered, the cracks, the flaking and small gaps are stuccoed, the disaggregated surfaces are subsequently consolidated, protected with protective chemicals and water repellents. The re-integrations are provided only when necessary for the static protection or of the original nuclei and anyways made with the same materials used in antiquity, or at least compatible.